The straight grate technology is characterized by an annual capacity of as high as 9.25 Mt per system (Thomas and Collin, 2013), and it is suitable for various pellet feeds and the production of flexible product types, such as acid pellets, fluxed pellets, and high-MgO pellets (Chaigneau, 2013). Straight grate, grate-kiln, and shaft furnaces ...

A straight grate system emerged in the industry soon after the shaft furnaces. It is essentially a modification of the sintering process. The green balls are fed onto the grate continuously to give a bed depth of around 300 mm to 400 mm and are dried in the first few wind boxes by updraft air recuperated from the firing zone, followed by ...

Gautam Banerjee. Sirshendu Chattopadhyay. In this work, a mathematical model for the straight-grate pellet induration furnace is presented. The induration furnace is an equipment used for the ...

of shaft furnace and straight grate technologies. Furthermore, coal can be used in grate . ... to 55.33% in 2011 from 7.21% in 2000, while the ratio for shaft furnace pellets has .

Besides the pelletizing equipment such as balling disc, travelling grate, rotary kiln, annular cooler and straight grate, etc., Hongda engages in R&D and production of other advanced apparatus like desulfurization, fabrication and application of nanomaterials, modern logistics and warehousing and so on.

Outotec's travelling grate (accounting for over 2/3 global production) Grate-Kiln pelletising system Note: low capacity shaft furnaces have only regional relevance The Outotec travelling grate is unique Plant capacity available from 1.0 to 9.25 Mtpy in a single machine Market leader and capable of handling all types of iron ore

(DCS). The prepared green pellets were fired in a rising hearth furnace by varying the ring cycle parameters. The rising hearth furnace experimental setup is shown in Fig. 1. For …

Straight-grate furnaces require slightly less capital expenditure to build compared to gratekiln furnaces because they do not require as much vertical framework [13]. Moreover, pellets in straight ...

In this work, a mathematical model for the straight-grate pellet induration furnace is presented. The induration furnace is an equipment used for the efficient heat and mass transfer between the ...

The straight grate process consists of a single furnace, which is divided into different zones for drying, preheating, and indurating green balls and zones for cooling the fired pellets.

Detailed palletization studies have been carried out on high alumina as well as high LOI pellets to improve the properties of the pellet for direct reduced iron making …

The induration process of a single pellet in a travelling grate furnace was investigated by Vitoretti and Costro [3] to obtain temperature distribution within pellets ... Barati [5] simulated the process of pellet induration in a straight-grate system dynamically, considering the effect of pellet porosity and bed shrinkage. In addition, the ...

Schematic diagram of the straight-grate pellet induration system. early stage of cooling has a temperature around 1000 C. The gas is ... The thermal conductivity of individual pellets is innitely high so Young, 1977), and pellet induration in shaft furnaces (Norgate et al., that temperature gradient within each pellet can be ...

The iron-ore pellets are produced by a process in which the iron ore is mixed with additives necessary to achieve the desired chemical composition, and then pelletized on rotary discs; the resulting elements are formed pellets that are carried into a straight grate furnace, where they undergo a burning process, with addition of a mixture of saturated …

Abstract. Both straight-grate and grate-kiln furnaces have been accepted in the iron ore industry. Both are considered to be roughly equal when comparing overall costs and expenses versus the ...

(DCS). The prepared green pellets were fired in a rising hearth furnace by varying the ring cycle parameters. The rising hearth furnace experimental setup is shown in Fig. 1. For each experiment, 20 kg of green pellets was lled into an Inconel basket. The basket was kept in the rising hearth furnace chamber. The pellets were heat hard-

C indurating using a vertical shaft furnace, straight grate, or grate/kiln, and material handling (transfer, pellet cooling) of the indurated pellets. The economic effects of the rule are conditional on the technology for producing taconite iron ore and their costs of production; the value of the taconite products to end users;

Straight-grate furnaces require slightly less capital expenditure to build compared to gratekiln furnaces because they do not require as much vertical framework [13]. Moreover, pellets in straight ...

The Grate, the Kiln and the Cooler. The object of the process is to transform the pelletized concentrate into hardened pellets that can be used as blast furnace feed or direct reduction furnace feed. The Travelling Grate is …

Straight grate furnaces are widely used for induration of hematite pellets where typically 1%–2% carbon is added to the green mix to help in generating heat by combustion.

The straight grate technology has been proved for all ore types and has achieved higher unit capacity, while the grate-kiln process is more flexible with respect to fuel type and …

Fig. 1 a shows a schematic view of these zones and Fig. 1 b shows a typical temperature profile in each zone of the furnace.. Download : Download full-size image Fig. 1. (a) Scheme of the pelletizing furnace in a Traveling Grate system, (b) average temperature profile pellet with different sizes characteristics along of residence time in …

Basically a straight grate induration furnace consists of three different zones, i.e. a drying zone, a firing zone and a cooling zone, and their purpose is to upgrade crude iron ore to the final product of iron ore pellet. As an initial step of the project, the mass and energy flows within a straight grate induration furnace have been analysed.

A three-dimensional CFD model of a straight grate furnace for indurating iron-oxide pellets was developed for exploring conditions of furnace operation for fluid flow, heat transfer and...

Schematic of the straight grate pelletizing process. At the feed end of the furnace, a small layer of indurated pellets known as the hearth layer is laid down across the width of the pallet car ...

Few researchers have also reported the firing of green pellets in pot grate facility [27] [28] [29]. The pot grate is a pilot facility where the green pellets are fired according to a defined ...

Three systems are used for indurating pellets, i.e., a shaft furnace system, a straight grate system and a grate-kiln-cooler system. Shaft furnaces are the most traditional facilities; however, few plants use this system these days because of their limited scale. A straight grate system emerged in the industry soon after the shaft furnaces.

Straight-grate furnaces require slightly less capital expenditure to build compared to gratekiln furnaces because they do not require as much vertical framework [13]. Moreover, pellets in straight ...

Straight grate furnaces are widely used for induration of hematite pellets where typically 1%–2% carbon is added to the green mix to help in generating heat by combustion. The quality of the pellets in such reactor varies from top to bottom of the bed as different layers of pellets are exposed to varying thermal and gaseous environments.