Zinc Oxide
Zinc oxide (ZnO) is a promising candidate as the ETL for roll-to-roll printed OPVs because it is easily solution-processable, nontoxic, and low-cost. ZnO is an n-type semiconductor with a bandgap of 3.3 eV, electron mobility about 10−4 to 10 −3 cm 2 V −1 S −1 and has been used as ETL in OPV since 1999. ZnO layers can be deposited either ...
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