Vast expanses of oxygen-deficient and nitrite-rich water define the major oxygen minimum zones (OMZs) of the global ocean. They support diverse …

In the modern ocean, oxygen minimum zones (OMZs) are potential traces of a primitive ocean in which Archean bacteria lived and reduced chemical …

Primary care is when you consult with your primary care provider. Secondary care is when you see a specialist such as an oncologist or endocrinologist. Tertiary care refers to specialized care in a hospital setting such as dialysis or heart surgery. Quaternary care is an advanced level of specialized care. As a patient, you might …

Ample Fe supply to the photic zone under these circumstances may have amplified nitrogen fixation and primary production, thus contributing to OMZ expansion and the development of euxinic conditions along productive continental margins in Earth history (e.g., Grice et al., 2005; Owens et al., 2013).

Permanent OMZs make up ~8% of the total ocean volume, often have high concentrations of nitrate and nitrous oxide, and account for up to 50% of oceanic fixed-nitrogen loss—with OMZ expansion ...

Its construction is based on the presence of a front guard secondary cathode that, when polarized, prevents oxygen from reaching the primary internal sensing cathode. With this design, a zero calibration is obtained in each measuring cycle, bringing the detection limit of the sensor to the nanomolar range (∼1–10 nM), depending on the ...

Fig. 1 shows the standard US JGOFS Arabian Sea station sampling grid in relation to the zone (shaded area) where the work of Naqvi and colleagues (e.g., Naqvi, 1991, Naqvi, 1994) suggests that average secondary nitrite maximum values are ⩾1 μM. These features are called secondary nitrite maxima because they normally occur …

Nitrate respiration in OMZs constitutes the primary mode for organic carbon ... lower oxycline (85 m), secondary chlorophyll maximum (100 m), secondary nitrite maximum OMZ (125 m ...

In general, the obtained mean primary production rates were inversely linked to the OMZ oxygen concentrations (Fig. 6a), which supports the hypothesis that monsoon-driven changes in the biological carbon …

well-defined secondary nitrite maxima (SNM). Recently, it has been found that the oxygen values at the core of the ETSP OMZ were at or lower than the detection limit (10 nmol L21 O 2) of switchable trace amount oxygen (STOX) sensors (Revsbech et al. 2009; Thamdrup et al. 2012). Thus, it is plausible that Fe(II) should be present throughout the OMZ.

OMZ waters, secondary NO 2 2 maxima are often interpreted as active NO 3 2 reduction [26,27]. The formation of NO 2 2 from NO 3 2 is the first step in both denitrification and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA), but it can also be considered as a stand-alone process, as more micro-organisms are known capable of reducing NO 3 2 ...

The oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) of the Eastern Tropical South Pacific (ETSP) is 1 of the 3 major regions in the world where oceanic nitrogen is lost in the pelagic realm. The recent identification of anammox, instead of denitrification, as the likely prevalent pathway for nitrogen loss in this OMZ raises strong questions about our understanding ...

1.. IntroductionThe interest in oxygen minimum zones (OMZs), characterized herein as O 2-deficient layers in the ocean water column, is quite recent, since the appearance of the name "OMZ" in Cline and Richards (1972).OMZs correspond to subsurface oceanic zones (e.g., at 50–100 m depth in the Arabian Sea; Morrison et al., …

The Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal are home to ~ 59 % of the Earth's marine sediments exposed to severe oxygen depletion and approximately 21 % of the total volume of oxygen-depleted waters ...

176 Altmetric Metrics Abstract Bacteria of the SAR11 clade constitute up to one half of all microbial cells in the oxygen-rich surface ocean. SAR11 bacteria are …

Moreover, processes leading to secondary NO 2− maxima (as opposed to primary NO 2− maxima that occur at shallower depths and probably result from …

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anammox or how secondary NO 2 maxima arise within the OMZ. Here we show that in the ETSP-OMZ, anammox obtains 67% or more of NO 2 from nitrate reduction, and 33% or less from aerobic ammonia oxidation, based on stable-isotope pairing experiments corroborated by functional gene expression analyses. Dissimila-

1 Introduction. The eastern South Pacific (ESP) Oxygen Minimum Zone (OMZ) (Figures 1a and 1b) is a large oceanic volume characterized by low dissolved oxygen levels (Fiedler & Talley, 2006).The ESP-OMZ is found west of South America between about 35°S and the Equator, with its lowest oxygen values located along 7.5°S at depths of about …

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Termination IB was a secondary expansion of the CC OMZ, and is associated with a narrow band of severely hypoxic water at 436–525 mbsl, ... OPM sediments are more organic rich than other low-latitude OMZ regions, attributed to high primary productivity and reduced remineralization at depth .

Primary sources provide raw information and first-hand evidence. Examples include interview transcripts, statistical data, and works of art. Primary research gives you direct access to the subject of your research. Secondary sources provide second-hand information and commentary from other researchers. Examples include journal articles, …

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its extent and shape. 2) The recently published approach by Ainsworth generally allowed a very good fit to the results. However, it was not able to conservatively predict the

Primary intestinal lymphangiectasia (PIL) is a rare protein-losing gastroenteropathy which is defined as dilation of existing mucosal, submucosal, or subserosal lymphatics within the gastrointestinal tract. ... This condition can also be secondary which is an acquired disease. It is characterised by increased intestinal …

The primary focus of this study is the sensitivity of the Arabian Sea OMZ to monsoon wind changes and its response timescale. This justifies the use of highly idealized wind perturbations, as our simulations are not intended …

Within the OMZ core (∼350–700 m depth), dissolved oxygen is typically near or below the analytical detection limit of modern sensors (∼10 nM). Steep oxygen gradients above …

Ample Fe supply to the photic zone under these circumstances may have amplified nitrogen fixation and primary production, thus contributing to OMZ expansion …

While a primary source provides direct access to a work for you to discuss, analyze, and cite it, a secondary source gives you a look at that work through another writer's lens. For example, the text of a president's speech is a primary source, while a political commentator's column discussing that speech is a secondary source.

Primary mucinous vaginal adenocarcinoma of intestinal-type is an extremely rare malignancy of unknown histogenesis with a diagnostic dilemma for the clinician and histopathologist. We presented the case of a 40-year-old Para 0 +2 woman with the complaint of a mass in the vagina and recurrent vaginal bleeding who was evaluated and …