The d 50 of flocs was determined by FBRM and used to evaluate the effect of polymers on flocculation of kaolin. A typical size evolution of a polymer flocculation system is shown in Fig. 2. Upon addition of 10 ppm Al-PAM to the kaolin slurry, the d 50 of the system increases rapidly from 21 μm. Conclusions

The settling time on flocculation of kaolin suspension by using CPAMF and CPAM was investigated to estimate the sedimentation performance of flocs. The results are presented in Fig. 8 a. The residual turbidity of adding CPAMF has been as low as 15 NTU in the initial 1 min.

The stirring provided opportunities for the collision of kaolin and Fe 3 O 4 /SiO 2, inducing partial sedimentation and the formation of magnetic flocs. When the magnetic field was applied, small magnetic flocs moved along the magnetic field gradient through non-cooperative magnetophoresis and collided with each other to form aggregates of ...

These studies discussed the settling and filtration performance of the slurry treated with dual flocculants. It's shown that the dual dose of flocculants can promote …

Skaf et al. [14] found high removal efficiency (99%) of kaolin flocs using aluminium at pH 6.5 by coagulation-flocculation and sedimentation. Because zeta potential of polyethylene beads was similar to that of kaolin in water adjusted to pH 4–7, these authors assumed that MP beads could be removed under their study conditions.

The flocs could easily precipitate in the presence of external magnetic field. However, when seeding magnetic nanoparticles directly into the target water (Fig. 8 (b)), the traditional PACl-kaolin-HA flocs were apt to form. A part of magnetic nanoparticles would be wrapped into those flocs by particle collision and PACl coagulation.

Kaolin clay (Tianjin, China) and humic acid (Shanghai, China) were used for testing water sample. Kaolin clay was prepared by dissolving 50.0 g of kaolin clay in 1 L deionized water with continuous magnetic stirring for 24 h. After sedimentation for 1 h, 800 mL supernatant was used as the stock suspension of kaolin clay.

A refined kaolin-polymer floc forms immediately upon incorporation of the polymer. D. sedimentation of Kaolin-Polymer Flocs Sedimentation of the kaolin-polymer flocs is rapidly accomplished in settling tank 27. These flocs, upon standing, settle out of suspension with sedimentation rates varying from 2 to 10 minutes per inch of slurry …

These results indicate that bacterial cell accelerates kaolin sedimentation in general, and that cell density and pH condition are more critical in kaolinite-bacteria sedimentation than the strain of bacteria. ... It is worth pointing out that kaolinite clay particles form macro-flocs and show a solid-like sedimentation behavior at pH greater ...

Flocculated suspension continuedFlocculated suspension continued Here, the sedimentation depends not only on the size of the flocs but also on the porosity of flocks. In flocculated suspension the loose structure of the rapidly sedimenting flocs tends to preserve in the sediment, which contains an appreciable amount of entrapped liquid.

Regularities of the flocculation of kaolin suspension with cationic polyelectrolytes based on 1,2-dimethyl-5-vinylpyridinium methyl sulfate were studied by turbidimetry, optical microscopy, and sedimentation methods. It was found that poly(1,2-dimethyl-5-vinylpyridinium methyl sulfate)-co-N-vinylpirrolidone promotes the formation of dense …

Sedimentation velocities of kaolin and KLD/kaolin flocs were measured by an analytical centrifugation analyzer, Lumisizer (LUM , Germany) 61. In each measurement, 1 mL of a 0.4 g/L clay suspension was transferred into the cell of the instrument, centrifuged at different revolutions (200, 400, 800, 1600, and 3200 rpm) for …

This program was used to study the development of coal flocs and showed that the flocs grew rapidly at the beginning of flocculation. The floc size at equilibrium at low stirring velocities was ...

The present work deals with the estimation of average floc diameter using sedimentation and optical data. This study was applied to a kaolin suspension destabilized by chemical dosing with iron salts (FeCl 3 or FeSO 4) or electrocoagulation (EC) with iron electrodes.Optimum pH and coagulant concentration were defined by turbidity measures …

Compared with the smaller flocs, the larger flocs usually have a faster sedimentation rate, which means the higher efficiency of solid/liquid separation and the smaller settling tanks. Furthermore, flocs are exposed to a range of stresses in the water treatment units, for instance, impeller force of flocculating tanks, dissolved air flotation ...

The property of kaolin flocs formed after the flocculation was evaluated in terms of Filter Cake Moisture Content (FCMC) [45], ... These observations on the floc nature help in various industrial separation process such as separation by filtration or sedimentation. If the flocs are strong and porous then they can be easily separated by ...

The abatement efficiencies were all more than 60% at the range of G = 165−180 s −1 and T = 15−33 s at an initial kaolin solid concentration of 150 mg·L −1, polymer aluminum chloride dosage of 60 mg·L −1 and sedimentation time of 20 min. However, the formation of flocs was influenced by the liquid backmixing.

It is commonly admitted that floc properties (such as floc size, structure and strength) of Fe(VI) and FeCl 3 induced flocs have significant effect on the solid-liquid separation (Sang & Xiao 2008, 2009; Sang & Englezos 2012).Large and compact floc would facilitate the sedimentation and solid-liquid separation ().Previously, either jar test or …

Dilute kaolin suspension of 0.9 wt% concentration was used for the study to avoid high collation effect. The finer flocs were captured during settling by using a long-handed spoon having its collecting site 90 0 apart from its holding site. The size distribution was calculated using an ImageJ basics software, version 1.28.

Jeldres et al. carried out flocculation and sedimentation experiments on suspensions of quartz and kaolinite mixtures, finding a direct relationship between flocs microscopic …

2.3. CFS experiment. Different doses (0.01, 0.10, and 1.00 mg/L) of Fe(VI) and clay were added to 1000 mL of AOM (Pan et al., 2006).The experimental conditions that were used for CFS included coagulation at rapid mix rate (200 s −1) for 2 min, flocculation at a slower mix rate (40 s −1) for 20 min, and sedimentation for 1 h.Bench-scale jar tests …

As previously found [14], the electrophoretic mobility (EM) of flocs is near zero when 50 mg/L of kaolin suspension is dosed with 0.1 mM of alum and the final pH of the suspension is 7. According to earlier results [15], the EM value did not vary by changing the mixing stirring speed and flocculation time, whether the flocs were broken or not.

Kaolin particles aggregated with each other and grew to flocs under the action of small vortices created by particles filled in the flocculation section (II). Flocs further grew into large size in the expanded section (III). After flocculation, flocs were introduced into the sedimentation tank for natural settlement.

The sedimentation studies, conducted under gravitational (by vertical scan analyzer) and centrifugal force (by Lumisizer analytical centrifuge), revealed that KLD5 was very effective in...

As to kaolin-flocs formed, the observations on the functions of biopolymers-JM and biopolymers-OP (Fig. 4 a and b) were similar to that found in Fig. 3 a and b, although the final FI values (i.e., floc size) after flocs fully formed at low temperature were relatively lower than that presented in normal-temperature coagulation experiments in ...

The physical and hydrodynamic properties of kaolin flocs including floc size, strength, regrowth, fractal structure and settling velocity were investigated by in situ particle image velocimetry technique at different humic acid concentration. Jar-test experimental results showed that the adsorbed humic acid had a significant influence on the …

Flocculation–sedimentation batch tests were performed to ascertain the aggregate size distribution, the hindered settling rate, and the structure of flocs expressed through their fractal dimension and density. ... For quartz/kaolin, the highest performance was obtained in industrial water, with bigger aggregates and faster settling rates ...

coverage of kaolin particles or with 0.4dwb% PEI, flocs formed are loosely packed and more voluminous with higher inter-aggregate waters. This voluminous sediment …

Sedimentation of the kaolin-polymer flocs is rapidly accomplished in settling tank 27. These flocs, upon standing, settle out of suspension with sedimentation rates varying from 2 to 10 minutes per inch of slurry depth used. Withdrawal of the titanium impurities remaining in suspension may be initiated by siphoning or other methods.

Sedimentation velocities of kaolin and KLD/kaolin flocs were measured by an analytical centrifugation analyzer, Lumisizer (LUM , Germany) 61. In each measurement, 1 mL of a 0.4 g/L clay suspension was transferred into the cell of the instrument, centrifuged at different revolutions (200, 400, 800, 1600, and 3200 rpm) for 20 min, and the ...